MUSCLE CRAMP

Salam..hye veryone...did you know what is muscle cramp...???....it is very sick acctually.....sometimes when we have attact by it,we cannot walk and do a lot of thing as ussual.Let me tell you what is MUSCLE CRAMP acctually...

What are muscle cramps?

A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. When we use the muscles that can be controlled voluntarily, such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract and relax as we move our limbs. Muscles that support our head, neck, and trunk contract similarly in a synchronized fashion to maintain our posture. A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) that involuntarily (without consciously willing it) contracts is in a "spasm." If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp. Muscle cramps often cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle.Cramps are unpleasant, often painful sensations caused by muscle contraction or over shortening. Common causes of skeletal muscle cramps include muscle fatigue, low sodium, and low potassium. Smooth muscle cramps may be due to menstruation or gastroenteritis.Causes of cramping include hyperflexion, hypoxia, exposure to large changes in temperature, dehydration, or low blood salt. Muscle cramps may also be a symptom or complication of pregnancy, kidney disease, thyroid disease, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia or hypocalcemia (as conditions), restless-leg syndrome, varicose veins and multiple sclerosis.Electrolyte disturbance may cause cramping and muscle tetany, particularly hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. This disturbance arises as the body loses large amounts of interstitial fluid through sweat. This interstitial fluid comprises mostly water and table salt (sodium chloride). The loss of osmotically active particles outside of muscle cells leads to a disturbance of the osmotic balance and therefore shrinking of muscle cells, as these contain more osmotically active particles. This causes the calcium pump between the muscle lumen and sarcoplasmic reticulum to short circuit; the calcium ions remain bound to the troponin, continuing muscle contraction.

As early as 1965, researchers observed that leg cramps and restless-leg syndrome result from excess insulin, sometimes called hyperinsulinemia.Hypoglycemiaand reactive hypoglycemia are associated with excess insulin (or insufficient glucagon), and avoidance of low blood glucose concentration may help to avoid cramps.

Smooth muscle cramps

Smooth muscle contractions may be symptomatic of endometriosis or other health problems. Menstrual cramps may also occur before and during a female menstrual cycle.

Skeletal muscle cramps

Skeletal muscles can be voluntarily controlled. Skeletal muscles that cramp the most often are the calves, thighs, and arches of the foot. Sometimes known as aCharley horse or corkie, this kind of cramp is associated with strenuous activity and can be intensely painful—though skeletal cramps can occur while relaxing. Around 40% of people who experience skeletal cramps are likely to endure extreme muscle pain, and may be unable to use the affected limb. It may take up to seven days for the muscle to return to a pain-free state.

Nocturnal leg cramps

Nocturnal leg cramps are involuntary muscle contractions that occur in the calves, soles of the feet, or other muscles in the body during the night or (less commonly) while resting. The duration of nocturnal leg cramps is variable with cramps lasting anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. Muscle soreness may remain after the cramp itself ends. These cramps are more common in older people. They happen quite frequently in teenagers and in some people while exercising at night. The precise cause of these cramps is unclear. Potential contributing factors include dehydration, low levels of certain minerals (magnesium, potassium, calcium, and sodium), and reduced blood flow through muscles attendant in prolonged sitting or lying down. Nocturnal leg cramps (almost exclusively calf cramps) are considered 'normal' during the late stages of pregnancy.^{[citation needed]} They can, however, vary in intensity from mild to extremely painful.

Pathophysiology

Skeletal muscles work as antagonistic pairs. Contracting one skeletal muscle requires the relaxation of the opposing muscle in the pair. Cramps can occur when muscles are unable to relax properly due to myosin fibers not fully detaching from actin filaments. In skeletal muscle, ATP must attach to the myosin heads for them to disassociate from the actin and allow relaxation — the absence of ATP in sufficient quantities means that the myosin heads remains attached to actin. An attempt to force a muscle cramped in this way to extend (by contracting the opposing muscle) can tear muscle tissue and worsen the pain. The muscle must be allowed to recover (resynthesize ATP), before the myosin fibres can detach and allow the muscle to relax.

Treatment

Stretching may be helpful in treating simple muscle cramps.With exertional heat cramps due to electrolyte abnormalities (primarily sodium loss and not calcium, magnesium, and potassium ) appropriate fluids and sufficient salt improves symptoms.

Medication

Quinine is likely to be effective. However, due to side effects its use should only be considered if other treatments have failed and in light of these concerns.Vitamin B complex, naftidrofuryl, lidocaine, and calcium channel blockers may be effective for muscle cramps.Research has also shown that pickle juice can be an effective remedy based on its high sodium and electrolyte content. 

Prevention

Adequate conditioning, stretching, mental preparation, and adequate fluid/electrolyte balance are likely helpful in preventing muscle cramps.

      THATS ALL FROM  MEEE...THANK YOU....

KMM

I don't know why must this happend to me..really stress dude...huhuhu...it make me stress...one of my best post + my best assigment was MIA..missing in actions or whatever...rrr...really want to..i do that post very best special for my teacher but it delete,terminated or whatever i don't know....huaaaahuaa....nobody can accept it guy's...but with a full of strength i do it back.For my mark in MGT417 i do it back...hurmm...now i don't want to share about my teacher because it can make me cry...so sad..."maa,i want go home ryte now.."...please... guy's...can we go to cinema tomorrow or can we go to Cosmo world..play a game at there....PLEASE....

Now,with a full strength...i would like to share about my friends in Malacca Matriculation College..or [ KMM ] ....First step in mu life after graduate as a student in school..hahhaa...KMM  is second best place after my secondary school...

KARISMA MAJU MULIA...OUR MOTO IN KMM.....

Now i would like to share about my life in KMM....who make me like now...KMM teach me on how to be more matured in thinking,studie and averything.New friends,culture and also diffrent background.When i entered KMM at the first time,I feel like i'm very small person..I don't have any friends event one because all my friends do a diploma an Form6.I'm lonely and very scared..hoohoho..But Allah is a good planner...i have a very2 best friends at there.Start from my roomate,classmate,lecturemate,lecturer and all my friends...their is very best person and i love them very much.

I would like start by share about my roomate and my neighbour...until now,even we did not in a same place or university..we must massage,call or chat in facebook everyday..that's what the fact,we a truly friends..hahhaa...hope it will be until jannah...for ever and ever..insyaallah..

                                                 me,ey thing & yuyu

Now we are not together..i'm in UITM...ey ting at UM do an accountancy & yuyu at UKM do science  chemistry...I really miss this moment..everyday we must eat together,talking2..release tension together..hahha....everybody know that we are very close..hope we will be a friend ever after..take care guys...

This is the last picture's that we take before we sit our last paper in PSPM2....

     MY BEST FRIEND IN KMM...NASUUHA MAT JUSOH...aka YUYU...

Now,story about my neighbour..hahaa..we share a same hobby that is sleeping,watch a movie every friday night,hang out,eating and everything we do together...and not to forget is...watching a football match..wait...we just watch HARIMAU MALAYA & HARIMAU MUDA...we are Malaysian Supporter...hahaha...every time have a football game,we must watched it together...Nobody can take our place in television room..they already know that is our place..hahaha...we also watch a Merlin story everyday..that's like "wajib" for us....the best thing is..we also love hindustan..we cry and laugh together...hahahaa...

                                       Me with mira & wan...miss you beb..

                                                   me,mira and ain...

where fyda..??...my amel??....

yeahhh...fyda,ain & wan at Masjid Tanah...hahaha

                                      THIS PICTURES WE TAKE A WEEK BEFORE PSPM2...

                                                            BLOCK B4....SUPERB...HAHA..

                                             SOME OF MY NEIGHBOUR IN WING 2A...

                                                     

                                             NANA,ZIRA,ME & YAN..

                                    MISS THAT MOMENT....HUARGHHH

                     

                                IERA,EY TING,ME,UU & OUR SISTER EKIN...

                                                    ME & NADIA..

            LAST DAY BEFORE SAY GOOD BYE KMM..HAHA

BACKPACKS..???..HAHAHA...

                WE ARE HARIMAU MALAYA SUPPORTER....SMILE & CHILLL..

Finish about my block,roomate & neighbour,,,now about my classmate...superb person...first day orentation we be a good friend and until now still contact each other..at that we feel like we already know each other...you are really superb friends...we are A2T6 student..we do everything together and support each other..whereever we go..we go together...'huaahua...guys you make me want to cry....the best thing is,we get a best teacher in every semester.That is our luck actually and A2T6 is one of the best class in KMM....seriously..hahaha...

                                             A2T6 YOU ARE ALWAYS IN OUR HEART..

.

                                  WE JUST HAVE 4 MAN IN A2T6..HAHAHA

                              LASTDAY OF COCU...BADMINTON TEAM..

LAST DAY WE MEAT TOGETHER

                               PICNIC TIME AT PENGKALAN BALAK...

Finish about my classmate,now about my gang..study together,laugh,sad,crying...all we do..we must do together...really miss you guys...we have..arif,zuhair,adira,mimi,arm,taufiq,ataa,nash,zuhdi,ikmal, and including me ....hahaha...

   CELEBRATING HARI RAYA AIDILFITRI...THEY CAME TO MY HOUSE..

LAST DAY OF STUDY WEEK

TAKE A REST AFTER DO A LOT OF 

EXERCISE...ARM & ARIF...MISS U BEB...

Finish about my friends..now i would to introduce all my lecturer..i got all the best lecturer in KMM...i take 7 subject in accountancy that is ACCOUNT,BUISNESS STUDY,MATHEMATICS,ECONOMICS,ENGLISH,PENDIDIKAN ISLAM,DINAMIKA & COCURICULUM....all the lecturer who teach A2T6 is a superb lecturer..hahaa...let me introduce you one by one...

The man who wear baju melayu,peach colour is our account lecturer but just in semester 1..he is very nice man,always taking care about us.If every account student have a problem in account we will ask him because is very easy than other's..hahahaa...i really appreciate what he do for us for becoming final exam.Everynight he will do an extra class for us and willing to wait for us until we know all about accountancy.Thanks a lot Mr.Mpohd Khairi Abd Rahman.

She is Pn Nurul Aini..She is our account teacher..She is happy go lucky person,always smile and make a joke..But she so serious about our test and quiz.. she always said that..we must grap what we want until we get it..thanks madam for being my account lecturer...we miss you..

My bussiness managment lecturer En Ssapidih B Abu Bak...he is nice man..always support us in what ever we want tp paricipate..He also make bussiness easy for us an make it become one..from account,economy,bussiness and entepruner into one circle...hahahaha..

WITH THE BEST USTAZAH... 

                      MY LOVELY LECTURER..SO FUNNY AND NICE PERSON..

WITH MISS ROZALINA...ENGLISH LECTURER..

MADAM PREMA..MATH LUCTERER 

LASTLY...THE IMPORTANT PERSON IN A2T6 IS MR.AMRY BIN AB.RAHMAN...OUR MENTOR.VERY NICE,COOL,HARDWORKING and TALENTED PERSON.HE ALSO OUR TUTOR AND ECONOMICS LECTURER...SO HE KNOW US VERY WELL...HAHAHAA...

WE WILL MISS U..THANKS FOR EVERYTHING...YOU ARE SO GREAT...THANKS AGAIN..